A very reliable and complete set of data on the one proton one neutron hole levels in 208Bi is available. Spectroscopic factors for proton transfer to 207Pb and neutron pick up from 209Bi have been measured. Recently \gamma and conversion electron spectroscopy with the 208Pb( p,n)208Bi reaction has clarified some questionable points of the level scheme and provided \gamma -branching ratios. The matrix elements of the shell model residual interaction are calculated by a least square fit from these data. The nondiagonal elements are very sensitive to the \gamma -branching; therefore for the first time an extensive set could be determined. A comparison of this ``measured'' interaction with a realistic interaction calculated from the interaction between free nucleons shows remarkably good agreement.
PACS numbers: 21.30.--x, 21.60.Cs, 23.20.--g, 27.80.+w
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