Acta Physica Polonica B

Vol. 35, No. 9, September 2004, page 2249


A New Proof of Existence of a Bound State in the Quantum Coulomb Field

A. Staruszkiewicz

Let S(x) be a massless scalar quantum field which lives on the three-dimensional hyperboloid xx= (x0)2-(x1)2-(x2)2-(x3)2=-1. The classical action is assumed to be (\hbar=1=c)(8\pi e2)-1\int dx gik\partial i S\partial k S, where e2 is the coupling constant, dx is the invariant measure on the de Sitter hyperboloid xx=-1 and gik, i,k=1,2,3, is the internal metric on this hyperboloid. Let u be a fixed four-velocity i.e. a fixed unit time-like vector. The field S(u)=(1/4 \pi )\int dx\delta (ux)S(x)is smooth enough to be exponentiated, being an average of the operator valued distribution S(x) over the entire Cauchy surface ux=0. We prove that if 0<e2<\pi , then the state |u\rangle = exp (-iS(u))\mid 0\rangle , where \mid 0\rangle is the Lorentz invariant vacuum state, contains a normalizable eigenstate of the Casimir operator C1=-(1/2)M\mu \nu M\mu \nu ; M\mu \nu are generators of the proper orthochronous Lorentz group. The eigenvalue is (e2/\pi )(2-(e2/\pi )). This theorem was first proven by the Author in 1992 in his contribution to the Czyz Festschrift, see Erratum Acta Phys. Pol. B 23, 959 (1992). In this paper a completely different proof is given: we derive the partial, differential equation satisfied by the matrix element \langle u\mid  exp (-\sigma C1)\mid u\rangle, \sigma > 0, and show that the function  exp(z)\cdot (1-z)\cdot  exp [-\sigma z (2-z)], z= e2/ \pi , is an exact solution of this differential equation, recovering thus both the eigenvalue and the probability of occurrence of the bound state. A beautiful integral is calculated as a byproduct.

PACS numbers: 12.20.Ds, 11.10.Jj


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