Spin--isospin excitations in nuclei studied via the charge exchange reactions are discussed together with some historical remarks concerning with the findings of the spin--isospin giant resonances. Measurements of the singles (³He,t) spectra at zero degrees and studies of proton decays from the spin--isospin excitations are reported. We report results on the complementary (t,³He) measurements. Special topics treated are the Gamow--Teller excitations, the spin flip dipole resonances, and the feature of the alpha cluster structures in light nuclei, which are observed both in the proton decay and in the (t,³He) measurements.

PACS numbers: 24.30.Cz, 25.40.Kv, 27.20.+n, 29.30.Ep